Scientists have recreated helium hydride ions, the universe’s first molecules, under lab conditions. The study reveals these ions were far more effective in driving early star formation than older theories suggested. Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics, the research reshapes understanding of early cosmic chemistry and challenges assumptions about how quickly the first stars emerged.

Mercury’s surface reveals it has been shrinking for billions of years due to cooling and faulting. A new study estimates the planet’s radius has contracted by 2.7–5.6 kilometers, offering the most precise figures yet. The findings sharpen understanding of Mercury’s thermal evolution and could help scientists apply the same techniques to tectonic studies on Mars and other rocky planets.

NASA and ISRO’s joint NISAR mission has successfully deployed its 12-meter radar reflector in orbit. This unique satellite, carrying dual L-band and S-band radars, will monitor Earth’s glaciers, volcanoes, earthquakes, and ecosystems with unmatched accuracy. The milestone reflects decades of research and showcases the strength of U.S.-India space collaboration, aiming to revolutionize Earth observation for science, policy, and sustainable development.